Would I Still Learn Java as My First Programming Language Today? A 20-Year Veteran Reflects

Juhan Aasaru Author

Jan 31, 2025 |

After 20 years as a Java developer and solution architect, I reflect on whether I'd still choose Java as my first programming language today.

After two decades in the software development industry, working primarily as a Java developer and solution architect here in Estonia (though some of my observations likely apply to the broader region), aspiring developers often ask me which programming language they should learn first. It's a great question I've been pondering myself: if I were starting my career today, would I still choose Java?

When I entered the field, Java was king. "Write once, run anywhere" was a powerful mantra, and the robust ecosystem made it the go-to language for enterprise applications. But the landscape has changed significantly. New languages have emerged, and the way we build software has evolved. So, would Java still be my top pick?

The simple answer is yes, but with a few important caveats.

Let's look at the current contenders. From my experience, the most widespread languages are Python, TypeScript/JavaScript, and Java. Each has its strengths. Thanks to dynamic typing, Python is often touted as a beginner-friendly language. TypeScript/JavaScript dominates the front-end world and, thanks to Node.js, is making inroads on the back-end, too. And then there's Java, the reliable workhorse of enterprise systems.

One of the most interesting developments is the rise of TypeScript. The ability to use it for both front-end and back-end development is a huge advantage. With Python or Java, you're generally limited to back-end development, or you'll need to learn another language for front-end work. TypeScript offers a full-stack solution, which is incredibly appealing.

However, here's where my experience in the Estonian market comes in. While newer companies and startups like Bolt, Veriff and Pipedrive are embracing TypeScript (and often Python), many established companies, particularly in sectors like telecoms, energy, and the public sector, still rely heavily on Java. This means the number of potential employers using Java is still significant.

Another factor to consider is the current hiring landscape. While many startups use TypeScript, they often favour more experienced developers. Junior positions in these companies can be more challenging. On the other hand, established companies usually have more structured entry-level programs and are more willing to invest in training junior Java developers.

So, while the versatility of TypeScript and Python's ease of learning are tempting, the sheer volume of Java-based opportunities, especially for junior developers, makes Java a compelling choice. In Estonia, at least, the demand for Java skills remains strong, and I see no signs of it drastically diminishing soon.

Therefore, if I were starting my career today, knowing what I know about the Estonian market, I would still lean towards Java as my first language. It provides a solid foundation in object-oriented programming, opens doors to a wide range of established companies, and offers a wealth of learning resources.

That's not to say I'd ignore TypeScript or Python. Far from it! Given its full-stack capabilities, I'd explore them and gain proficiency, especially in TypeScript. But for my first language, the one I'd use to land that crucial first job, Java would still be my pick. It's a pragmatic choice based on the realities of the current job market.

Categories: : First Job, Java, TypeScript, Python